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CECILE (French study) Combined Cohorts of Menopausal Women, studies of Register Based Health Outcomes in Relation to Hormonal Drugs (COMPREHEND) Estrogen and Thromboembolism Risk (ESTHER) European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) French cohort: Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education National (E3N, E3N ...
Menopause is usually diagnosed through symptoms of vaginal atrophy, pelvic exams, and taking a comprehensive medical history consisting of last menstruation cycle. There is no definitive testing available for determining menopause as the symptom complex is the primary indicator [ 5 ] and because the lower levels of estradiol are harder to ...
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Effects of menopause can include symptoms such as hot flashes , accelerated skin aging, vaginal dryness , decreased muscle mass , and ...
Back in 2003, preliminary results were published from the Women’s Health Initiative clinical trial that linked hormone replacement therapy used to treat symptoms of menopause to a higher risk of ...
When they first evaluated the impact of HRT in 1996, the USPSTF assigned a "B" grade to hormone replacement therapy for use in primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women, basing their results on observational studies and short-term trials. [64] A score of "B" carries an official message of, "The USPSTF recommends the service.
Estradiol cypionate (EC), sold under the brand name Depo-Estradiol among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low estrogen levels in women, in hormone therapy for trans women, and in hormonal birth control for women.
These scores vary in direct proportion to estrogen levels throughout the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Furthermore, estrogens when administered shortly after natural or surgical menopause prevents decreases in verbal memory. In contrast, estrogens have little effect on verbal memory if first administered years after menopause. [60]
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, estradiol was shown to have gender-specific effects on fairness sensitivity. Overall, when the division of a given amount of money was framed as either fair or unfair in a modified version of the ultimatum game , estradiol increased the acceptance rate of fair-framed proposals among men ...