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As well, the most common material, AR500 steel, or Abrasion Resistant/ Brinell Hardness 500 steel, is actually not created for armour purposes, and thus can suffer major variances in hardness According to Leeco Steel, "While often requested for ammunition target surfaces, AR500 steel plate is not certified for ballistic use". [12]
Abrasion resistant steel is a high-carbon alloy steel that is produced to resist wear and stress. There are several grades of abrasion resistant steel, including AR200, AR235, AR400, AR450, AR500 and AR600.
MIL-DTL-46177 is an older, now-replaced standard for a high hardness steel RHA. [4] It specifies a harder steel that is nearly identical to AR500 in terms of tensile and yield strength. [5] The Brinell hardness of AR500 is in the 477-534 range. MIL-DTL-46100E specifies a steel of identical hardness. [3]
ESAPI ceramic plates have a green fabric cover with the text "7.62mm APM2 Protection" on the back and a density of 35–45 kg/m 2 (7–9 lb/ft 2); they are designed to stop bullets like the .30-06 AP (M2) with a hardened steel core. Depending on revision, the plate may stop more than one.
16.4 lb (7.4 kg) (with SAPI plates used; everything in Interceptor) [2] 8.4 lb (3.8 kg) (outer tactical vest) [ 2 ] The Interceptor multi-threat body armor system ( IBA ) is a bullet-resistant body armor system that was used by the United States Armed Forces during the 2000s, with some limited usage into the mid-2010s.
A call for a next generation plate, to stop even greater velocity threats than the ESAPI plate was issued by the U.S. Army in 2008. [5] The X Threat Small Arms Protective Insert plates are specifically allowed scalar or flexible systems, and asked for better coverage, with less than a pound of additional weight.
The concept of ceramic armour goes back to 1918, when Major Neville Monroe Hopkins discovered that a plate of ballistic steel was much more resistant to penetration if covered with a thin (1–2 millimetres) layer of enamel. [22] [23] Further, the Germans experimented with ceramic armour in World War I. [24]
For example, the T-64 turret had a layer of ceramic balls and aluminum sandwiched between layers of cast steel armour, [10] whilst some models of the T-72 features a glass filler called "Kvartz". The tank glacis was often a sandwich of steel and some low density filler, either textolite (a fibreglass reinforced polymer) or ceramic plates. [11]
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