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A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, airship, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium (usually air or water). On an airplane , the rudder is used primarily to counter adverse yaw and p-factor and is not the primary control used to turn the airplane.
Tiller blocked by two lines Stern compartment containing the tiller of Swedish 17th century warship Vasa.. A tiller or till is a lever used to steer a vehicle. The mechanism is primarily used in watercraft, where it is attached to an outboard motor, rudder post or stock to provide leverage in the form of torque for the helmsman to turn the rudder.
Vane to rudder (only applicable for very small boats, a large wind vane is directly coupled to the ship's rudder). Servo pendulum rudder (a wind vane turns an immersed blade around its vertical axis, the blade swings out to the side due to the movement through the water and turns the ship's rudder with that).
Coxswains may steer with the tiller, commands for increased "pressure" or strength from rowers on one side of the boat, or both, depending on the situation. In the most extreme cases, the coxswain may go "full tiller", turning the rudder to its maximum angle, and may enlist the rowers to help the boat turn faster.
Steering wheels may be used to control the rudder or propeller. Modern ships with diesel-electric drive use azimuth thrusters. Boats powered by oars or paddles are steered by generating a higher propulsion force on the side of the boat opposite of the direction of turn. Jet skis are steered by weight-shift induced roll and water jet thrust ...
Boats heeling in front of Britannia Bridge in a round-Anglesey race 1998. A sailing vessel heels when the boat leans over to the side in reaction to wind forces on the sails. A sailing vessel's form stability (derived from the shape of the hull and the position of the center of gravity) is the starting point for resisting heeling.
The rudder is placed so that, should the boat make any forward movement, it will be turned into the wind, so as to prevent forward momentum building up. [9] In a centerboard boat the centerboard will be partially raised and the tiller held down hard. [10]
Rounding-up is a phenomenon that occurs in sailing when the helmsman (or tiller-handler) is no longer able to control the direction of the boat and it heads up (or "rounds up") into the wind, causing the boat to slow down, stall out, or tack. This occurs when the wind overpowers the ability of the rudder to maintain a straight course.
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related to: boat tiller vs rudder pedals for water