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Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of computer science and especially artificial intelligence.It is primarily concerned with providing computers with the ability to process data encoded in natural language and is thus closely related to information retrieval, knowledge representation and computational linguistics, a subfield of linguistics.
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [1]
Natural language generation (NLG) is a software process that produces natural language output. A widely-cited survey of NLG methods describes NLG as "the subfield of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics that is concerned with the construction of computer systems that can produce understandable texts in English or other human languages from some underlying non-linguistic ...
Natural-language programming (NLP) is an ontology-assisted way of programming in terms of natural-language sentences, e.g. English. [1] A structured document with Content, sections and subsections for explanations of sentences forms a NLP document, which is actually a computer program. Natural language programming is not to be mixed up with ...
NLU has been considered an AI-hard problem. [2] There is considerable commercial interest in the field because of its application to automated reasoning, [3] machine translation, [4] question answering, [5] news-gathering, text categorization, voice-activation, archiving, and large-scale content analysis.
Transformer architecture is now used in many generative models that contribute to the ongoing AI boom. In language modelling, ELMo (2018) was a bi-directional LSTM that produces contextualized word embeddings , improving upon the line of research from bag of words and word2vec .
NLP makes use of computers, image scanners, microphones, and many types of software programs. Language technology – consists of natural-language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics (CL) on the one hand, and speech technology on the other. It also includes many application oriented aspects of these.
In the context of AI, it is particularly used for embedded systems and robotics. Libraries such as TensorFlow C++, Caffe or Shogun can be used. [1] JavaScript is widely used for web applications and can notably be executed with web browsers. Libraries for AI include TensorFlow.js, Synaptic and Brain.js. [6]