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Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547 (1967), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court first introduced the justification for qualified immunity for police officers from being sued for civil rights violations under Section 1983, by arguing that "[a] policeman's lot is not so unhappy that he must choose between being charged with dereliction of duty if he does not arrest when he had ...
The Court also held that a merely negligent deprivation of property under color of state law was actionable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This holding was mostly overruled by Daniels v. Williams in 1986, which held that a 1983 action only lies for an intentional deprivation of rights.
After the American Civil War, Congress amended the Constitution to include the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. To enforce the new provisions, Congress in 1871 passed the Ku Klux Klan Act, which created Section 1983 that allows civilians to sue government actors who deny or violate their civil rights. [5] [6] However, in Pierson v.
United States v. Windsor, 570 U.S. 744 (2013) Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (1 U.S.C. § 7), which defines—for federal law purposes—the terms "marriage" and "spouse" to apply only to marriages between one man and one woman, is a deprivation of the equal liberty of the person protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
Argument: Oral argument: Case history; Prior: Palmer v. Hudson, 697 F.2d 1220 (4th Cir. 1983); cert. granted, 463 U.S. 1206 (1983).: Holding; Prison inmates have no reasonable expectation of privacy in their cells under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments, and destruction of property did not constitute a Due Process violation under the Fourteenth Amendment because Virginia had adequate state ...
Section 1 of the Act, which has since been amended and codified as section 1979 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. § 1983) and is also known simply as "Section 1983", authorized monetary and injunctive relief against anyone who, acting under the authority of state law, deprived a person of rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution or federal ...
The Court's rulings in Fraser and Hazelwood state that a "substantial disruption" or infringing on the rights of other students was reason enough to restrict student freedom of speech or expression. Some experts argue that the three individual cases each act independently of one another and govern different types of student speech. [ 7 ]
Morse v. Frederick, 551 U.S. 393 (2007), is a United States Supreme Court case where the Court held, 5–4, that the First Amendment does not prevent educators from prohibiting or punishing student speech that is reasonably viewed as promoting illegal drug use.