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If TB bacteria gain entry to the blood stream from an area of damaged tissue, they can spread throughout the body and set up many foci of infection, all appearing as tiny, white tubercles in the tissues. [96] This severe form of TB disease, most common in young children and those with HIV, is called miliary tuberculosis. [97]
In addition, TB spread via humans on the trade routes of the Old World. Other researchers have argued there is other evidence that suggests the tuberculosis bacteria is older than 6,000 years. [ 1 ] This TB strain found in Peru is different from that prevalent today in the Americas, which is more closely related to a later Eurasian strain ...
Phantom Plague: How Tuberculosis Shaped our History is a 2022 non-fiction book about the history of tuberculosis by health journalist Vidya Krishnan. [1] [2]It covers the history of tuberculosis through the 19th, 20th, and early 21st centuries, from early understandings of the disease to modern public health and pharmaceutical interventions.
Also, the IGRA is more specific to TB rather than other types of mycobacterial infections and is unlikely to be positive as a result of having BCG vaccine in the past, a vaccine that protects against TB. And this is a pretty useful feature of IGRAs, since BCG vaccine is given to many children around the world to prevent disseminated TB.
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
As of 2020, the world was not on track to meet those goals. [10] The WHO, as well as the Stop TB Partnership , are now aiming for the full elimination of TB by the year 2050, which will require a 1000-fold reduction in the incidence of the disease.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. [1] [2] First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid.
As of 2018, the World Health Organization estimated that 25% of the world's population was infected with the latent form of the disease. In its active form, it is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. [1] This bibliography is of non-fiction works about TB in human beings. It covers general works, key scientific papers, treatment methods ...