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Sugar alcohols can be, and often are, produced from renewable resources.Particular feedstocks are starch, cellulose and hemicellulose; the main conversion technologies use H 2 as the reagent: hydrogenolysis, i.e. the cleavage of C−O single bonds, converting polymers to smaller molecules, and hydrogenation of C=O double bonds, converting sugars to sugar alcohols.
Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (a polyol) used as a sugar substitute and laxative. It has 75–90% of the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar) and nearly identical properties, except for browning. It is used to replace table sugar because it is half as calorific, does not promote tooth decay, and has a somewhat lesser effect on blood glucose.
Unlike most sugar alcohols, xylitol is achiral. [12] Most other isomers of pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol are chiral, but xylitol has a plane of symmetry. Industrial production starts with lignocellulosic biomass from which xylan is extracted; raw biomass materials include hardwoods, softwoods, and agricultural waste from processing maize, wheat, or ...
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication. [5] [6] It is used as a low calorie sweetener as it is poorly absorbed by the intestines. [5]As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure.
Sorbitol (/ ˈ s ɔː (r) b ɪ t ɒ l /), less commonly known as glucitol (/ ˈ ɡ l uː s ɪ t ɒ l /), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol group (−CH 2 OH).
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Erythritol (/ ɪ ˈ r ɪ θ r ɪ t ɒ l /, US: /-t ɔː l,-t oʊ l /) [2] is an organic compound, the naturally occurring achiral meso four-carbon sugar alcohol (or polyol). [3] It is the reduced form of either D- or L-erythrose and one of the two reduced forms of erythrulose. It is used as a food additive and sugar substitute.
Sugar alcohols, or polyols, are sweetening and bulking ingredients used in the manufacturing of foods and beverages, particularly sugar-free candies, cookies and chewing gums. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] As a sugar substitute, they typically are less-sweet and supply fewer calories (about a half to one-third fewer calories) than sugar.