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Rape trauma syndrome (RTS) is the psychological trauma experienced by a rape survivor that includes disruptions to normal physical, emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal behavior. The theory was first described by nurse Ann Wolbert Burgess and sociologist Lynda Lytle Holmstrom in 1974.
Young women are usually found to be more at risk of rape than older women. [2] [3] [4] According to data from justice systems and rape crisis centres in Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Peru, and the United States, between one-third and two-thirds of all victims of sexual assault are aged 15 years or less.
Counseling responses found helpful in reducing self-blame are supportive responses, psychoeducational responses (learning about rape trauma syndrome) and those responses addressing the issue of blame. [24] A helpful type of therapy for self-blame is cognitive restructuring or cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome (CSAAS) is a syndrome proposed by Roland C. Summit in 1983 to describe how he believed sexually abused children responded to ongoing sexual abuse. He said children "learn to accept the situation and to survive. There is no way out, no place to run.
In the 1970s, the term rape trauma syndrome was introduced by Ann Wolbert Burgess and Lynda Lytle Holmstrom. [15] Rape can lead to mental health disorders, such as PTSD, and statistical evidence demonstrates this trend.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [b] is a mental and behavioral disorder [8] that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster, traffic collision, or other threats on a person's life or well-being.
The Courage to Heal: A Guide for Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (first published in 1988, with three subsequent editions, the last being a 20th anniversary edition in 2008) is a self-help book by poet Ellen Bass and Laura Davis that focuses on recovery from child sexual abuse and has been called "controversial and polarizing".
Sexual violence is a serious infringement upon a child's rights, and one which can result in significant physical and psychological trauma to the victim. [ 37 ] [ 39 ] A 2002 WHO study approximated that 223 million children have been victims of sexual violence involving physical contact. [ 40 ]