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Electrospray ionization is the ion source of choice to couple liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The analysis can be performed online, by feeding the liquid eluting from the LC column directly to an electrospray, or offline, by collecting fractions to be later analyzed in a classical nanoelectrospray-mass spectrometry setup.
Diagram of ambient ionization in mass spectrometry indicating desorption/extraction (spray, heat, laser), optional post-ionization (electrospray, chemical ionization, plasma), ion formation, and entry into the vacuum of the mass spectrometer.
The number of publications about electrospray started rising significantly around 1990 (as shown in the figure on the right) when John Fenn (2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) and others discovered electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry.
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of charged particles (ions). Although there are many different kinds of mass spectrometers, all of them make use of electric or magnetic fields to manipulate the motion of ions produced from an analyte of interest and determine their m/z. [ 18 ]
DESI is a combination of popular techniques, such as, electrospray ionization and surface desorption techniques. Electrospray ionization with mass spectrometry was reported by Malcolm Dole in 1968, [8] but John Bennett Fenn was awarded a nobel prize in chemistry for the development of ESI-MS in the late 1980s. [9]
[1] [2] In electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ions are created at atmospheric pressure, but are analyzed at subsequently lower pressures. Ions can be lost while they are shuttled from areas of higher to lower pressure due to the transmission process caused by a phenomenon called joule expansion or “free-jet expansion.”
Extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) [1] [2] is a spray-type, ambient ionization source [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] in mass spectrometry that uses two colliding aerosols ...
Probe electrospray ionization is an ambient ionization mass spectrometry technique developed by Kenzo Hiraoka et al. at the University of Yamanashi, Japan. [4] The technique was developed to address some of the issues associated with traditional electrospray ionization (ESI), including clogging of the capillary and contamination, whilst providing a means of rapid and direct sample analysis.
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