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Construction aggregate, or simply aggregate, is a broad category of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material used in construction. Traditionally, it includes natural materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone. As with other types of aggregates, it is a component of composite materials, particularly concrete and asphalt.
ISO 14688 grades gravels as fine, medium, and coarse, with ranges 2–6.3 mm (0.079–0.248 in) for fine and 20–63 mm (0.79–2.48 in) for coarse. One cubic metre of gravel typically weighs about 1,800 kg (4,000 lb), or one cubic yard weighs about 3,000 lb (1,400 kg). Gravel is an important commercial product, with a number of applications.
Aggregate is the component of a composite material that resists compressive stress and provides bulk to the material. For efficient filling, aggregate should be much smaller than the finished item, but have a wide variety of sizes. Aggregates are generally added to lower the amount of binders needed and to increase the strength of composite ...
Aggregate base (AB) is typically a mix of different sizes of crushed rock 20 mm or 3 ⁄ 4 in Aggregate Base, Class 2, is used in roadways and consists of rock particles of size 20 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in) and less. An aggregate is normally made from newly quarried rock, or it is sometimes allowed to be made from recycled asphalt concrete and/or ...
Very coarse soil Large boulder lBo >630 >24.8031 Boulder Bo 200–630 7.8740–24.803 Cobble Co 63–200 2.4803–7.8740 Coarse soil Gravel Coarse gravel cGr 20–63 0.78740–2.4803 Medium gravel mGr 6.3–20 0.24803–0.78740 Fine gravel fGr 2.0–6.3 0.078740–0.24803 Sand Coarse sand cSa 0.63–2.0 0.024803–0.078740 Medium sand mSa
gravel > 50% of coarse fraction retained on No.4 (4.75 mm) sieve clean gravel <5% smaller than No.200 Sieve GW well-graded gravel, fine to coarse gravel GP poorly graded gravel gravel with >12% fines GM silty gravel GC clayey gravel sand ≥ 50% of coarse fraction passes No.4 (4.75 mm) sieve clean sand SW well-graded sand, fine to coarse sand SP
In general, however, a smaller value indicates a finer aggregate. Fine aggregates range from an FM of 2.00 to 4.00, and coarse aggregates smaller than 38.1 mm range from 6.75 to 8.00. Combinations of fine and coarse aggregates have intermediate values. [1]
Ceramic aggregates with a density below that of water are used for low density structural concrete. These aggregates may include expanded clays and shales, preferably with water absorption below 10%. For structural concrete only coarse low density aggregates are used, with natural sand as the fine aggregates.