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  2. Journey of Reconciliation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journey_of_Reconciliation

    The Journey of Reconciliation, also [1] called "First Freedom Ride", was a form of nonviolent direct action to challenge state segregation laws on interstate buses in the Southern United States. [2] Bayard Rustin and 18 other men and women were the early organizers of the two-week journey that began on April 9, 1947.

  3. Bayard Rustin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayard_Rustin

    Rustin and Houser organized the Journey of Reconciliation in 1947. This was the first of the Freedom Rides to test the 1946 ruling of the Supreme Court of the United States in Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia that banned racial discrimination in interstate travel as unconstitutional.

  4. Freedom Riders - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Riders

    The Freedom Riders challenged this status quo by riding interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating. The Freedom Rides, and the violent reactions they provoked, bolstered the credibility of the American Civil Rights Movement. They called national attention to the ...

  5. Charles Person, youngest Freedom Rider who faced brutal ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/charles-person-youngest-freedom...

    Charles Person, the youngest member of the original Freedom Riders who faced racial violence to challenge segregation in interstate travel, died on Jan. 8 in Fayetteville, Georgia. He was 82. In ...

  6. Fred Shuttlesworth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth

    After it became certain that the Freedom Rides were to be carried out, Shuttlesworth worked with the Congress of Racial Equality (C.O.R.E.) to organize the Rides [9] and became engaged with ensuring the success of the rides, especially during their stint in Alabama. [10] Shuttlesworth mobilized some of his fellow clergy to assist the rides.

  7. 75 years after sentencing Freedom Riders to the chain ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/75-years-sentencing-freedom...

    Legendary civil rights leader Bayard Rustin and three other men who were sentenced to work on a chain gang in The post 75 years after sentencing Freedom Riders to the chain gang, N.C. tosses out ...

  8. Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Riders:_1961_and...

    Additionally, the work notes that 24% of respondents of a Gallup Poll conducted in 1961 were in favor of the Freedom Rides, while 66% of the respondents of the same poll believed that racial segregation in bus transportation should be abolished; by the time the book was published, reception was highly positive to the Freedom Rides.

  9. When Southern Segregationists Gave Black Residents One-Way ...

    www.aol.com/southern-segregationists-gave-black...

    A Greyhound bus used by Freedom Riders in 1961 Credit - Bettmann Archive/Getting Images. I n the coming months, the United States Department of Health and Human Services plans to implement a newly ...