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Brazil has no clear distinction between towns and cities (in effect, the Portuguese word cidade means both). The only possible difference is regarding the municipalities that have a court of first instance and those that do not. The former are called Sedes de Comarca (seats of a comarca, which is the territory under the rule of that court ...
Brazil is a federal presidential constitutional republic, which is based on a representative democracy. The federal government has three independent branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. [1] The Federal Constitution is the supreme law of Brazil. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of Brazil ...
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Brazil, [b] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, [c] is the largest and easternmost country in South America. It is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh largest by population, with over 203 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 states and a Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília.
Voting in Brazil is compulsory for all literate citizens over 18 and under 70, and optional for citizens who are aged 16 and 17, older than 70 or illiterate. Brazil introduced compulsory voting into its Electoral Code in 1932 and lowered the voting age from 18 to 16 in the 1988 constitution. [ 7 ]
The electoral system of Brazil is the set of means used to choose representatives and government members of the Federative Republic of Brazil.The current system is defined by the 1988 Constitution and the Electoral Code [] (Law No. 4,737 of 1965), in addition to being regulated by the Superior Electoral Court (Portuguese: Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, TSE) as delegated by law.
Under Brazil's present constitution, adopted in 1988, senators are elected for an eight-year term, and deputies are elected every four years. [ 17 ] The numbering of the legislatures is continuous, including the legislatures of the imperial General Assembly and of the republican National Congress.
The Constitution is also responsible for creating a slow judicial system. Brazil has the 30th slowest judiciary among 133 countries, according to the World Bank. This has caused the judiciary to use provisional arrests as an advance of the sentence. In 2015, more than 40% of prisoners in Brazil were provisional. [14] [15] [16] [17]