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  2. Kinetic theory of gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_theory_of_gases

    The mathematical similarities between the expressions for shear viscocity, thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficient of the ideal (dilute) gas is not a coincidence; It is a direct result of the Onsager reciprocal relations (i.e. the detailed balance of the reversible dynamics of the particles), when applied to the convection (matter flow ...

  3. Gas kinetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_kinetics

    As the construct that gases are small particles in Brownian motion became widely accepted and numerous quantitative studies verifying that the macroscopic properties of gases, such as temperature, pressure and density, are the results of collisions of moving particles, [3] the study of kinetic theory of gases became increasingly an integrated ...

  4. Gas laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws

    The laws describing the behaviour of gases under fixed pressure, volume, amount of gas, and absolute temperature conditions are called gas laws.The basic gas laws were discovered by the end of the 18th century when scientists found out that relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which would hold to approximation for all gases.

  5. Paschen's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschen's_law

    Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2] [3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]

  6. Ideal gas law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law

    Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...

  7. Ideal gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas

    Under various conditions of temperature and pressure, many real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas where the gas molecules (or atoms for monatomic gas) play the role of the ideal particles. Many gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, some heavier gases like carbon dioxide and mixtures such as air, can be treated as ...

  8. Gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas

    Drifting smoke particles indicate the movement of the surrounding gas.. Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter.The others are solid, liquid, and plasma. [1] A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide).

  9. Buffer gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_gas

    Buffer gas cooling is allowing the molecules of interest to be cooled through elastic collisions with a cold buffer gas inside a chamber. If there are enough collisions between the buffer gas and the other molecules of interest before the molecules hit the walls of the chamber and are gone, the buffer gas will sufficiently cool the atoms.