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The reflected ultrasound is received by the probe, transformed into an electric impulse as voltage, and sent to the engine for signal processing and conversion to an image on the screen. The depth reached by the ultrasound beam is dependent on the frequency of the probe used. The higher the frequency, the lesser the depth reached. [9]
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) initially presents with a range of symptoms that may include severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count usually < 30,000/mm³), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (evidenced by schistocytes in the blood smear), and various clinical signs such as petechiae, purpura, neurologic symptoms, myocardial ischemia ...
Some individuals with thrombocytopenia may experience external bleeding, such as nosebleeds or bleeding gums. Some women may have heavier or longer periods or breakthrough bleeding. Bruising, particularly purpura in the forearms and petechiae in the feet, legs, and mucous membranes, may be caused by spontaneous bleeding under the skin. [8] [9]
ITP can be difficult to distinguish from gestational thrombocytopenia (which is by far the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy). Unlike ITP, the platelet count in gestational thrombocytopenia rarely goes below 100,000, and a platelet count below 80,000 is even more rare (seen in less than 0.1% of cases of gestational ...
Three compression ultrasound scanning techniques can be used, with two of the three methods requiring a second ultrasound some days later to rule out the diagnosis. [118] Whole-leg ultrasound is the option that does not require a repeat ultrasound, [ 118 ] but proximal compression ultrasound is frequently used because distal DVT is only rarely ...
A fourfold increased incidence from the third to the eight decade in men and a preponderance among women of approximately 55-70%. [24] The average mean age of affected patients is 60 years. [16] Thrombophlebitis can develop along the arm, back, or neck veins, the leg is by far the most common site.
The 4T score for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia [9] [10] Thrombocytopenia 2 points if the fall in platelet count is >50% of the previous value, AND the lowest count (nadir) is 20–100 × 10 9 /liter 1 point if the fall is 30–50% or the nadir is 10–19 × 10 9 /liter No points if the fall is less than 30% or the nadir is <10 × 10 9 /liter ...
A right-sided acute deep vein thrombosis (to the left in the image). The leg is swollen and red due to venous outflow obstruction. The most common conditions associated with thrombophilia are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), which are referred to collectively as venous thromboembolism (VTE). DVT usually occurs in the legs ...