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Though The Philosophy of Freedom is a literal translation of the original German title (Die Philosophie der Freiheit), Steiner suggested at the time of the first English edition in 1916 that the title The Philosophy of Spiritual Activity should be used in the English translation, as it would represent the book's theme of freedom as a dynamic ...
In its origin, the English word "freedom" relates etymologically to the word "friend". [2] Philosophy and religion sometimes associate it with free will, as an alternative to determinism or predestination. [3] In modern liberal nations, freedom is considered a right, especially freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press.
Rudolf Steiner, who collaborated in a complete edition of Arthur Schopenhauer's work, [140] wrote The Philosophy of Freedom, which focuses on the problem of free will. Steiner (1861–1925) initially divides this into the two aspects of freedom: freedom of thought and freedom of action. The controllable and uncontrollable aspects of decision ...
In 1936, Martin Heidegger gave a series of lectures on Schelling's freedom essay. These were published in German in 1971 and translated into English in 1984. [18] Heidegger largely treated the Freiheitschrift as continuous with the "identity philosophy" period leading up to it. [19]
John Stuart Mill. Philosophers from the earliest times have considered the question of liberty. Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121–180 AD) wrote: . a polity in which there is the same law for all, a polity administered with regard to equal rights and equal freedom of speech, and the idea of a kingly government which respects most of all the freedom of the governed.
Dubbed "the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century" by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, [2] he conceived of liberty as justifying the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state and social control. [3]
According to Hegel, "the essence of spirit is freedom." [169] The Encyclopedia Philosophy of Spirit charts the progressively determinate stages of this freedom until spirit fulfills the Delphic imperative with which Hegel begins: "Know thyself." [170]
Karl Rahner discusses human dignity as it relates to freedom. Specifically, his ideas of freedom relate to human rights as an appeal to the freedom to communicate with the divine. As embodied individuals who can have this freedom and dignity threatened by external forces, the protection of this dignity takes on an appeal to protect human rights ...