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A cord blood bank is a facility which stores umbilical cord blood for future use. Both private and public cord blood banks have developed in response to the potential for cord blood in treating diseases of the blood and immune systems. Public cord blood banks accept donations to be used for anyone in need, and as such function like public blood ...
Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS), also called cordocentesis, fetal blood sampling, or umbilical vein sampling is a diagnostic genetic test that examines blood from the fetal umbilical cord to detect fetal abnormalities. [1] Fetal and maternal blood supply are typically connected in utero with one vein and two arteries to the fetus.
The embryo is surrounded by the thin membranes of the amniotic sac, the umbilical cord is seen in the center, attaching the embryo to the placenta. The umbilical cord develops from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois. It forms by the fifth week of development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the embryo. [2]
Cord blood is composed of all the elements found in whole blood – red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets. [6] Compared to whole blood some differences in the blood composition exist, for example, cord blood contains higher numbers of natural killer cells, lower absolute number of T-cells and a higher proportion of immature T-cells. [7]
Cord blood banking [34] refers to the collection at birth, processing, testing, cryopreservation and storage of stem cells from the umbilical cord blood. Cord blood, also called "placental blood", is blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta following the birth of a baby and after the umbilical cord is cut.
In humans, the circulatory system is different before and after birth. The fetal circulation is composed of the placenta, umbilical blood vessels encapsulated by the umbilical cord, heart and systemic blood vessels. A major difference between the fetal circulation and postnatal circulation is that the lungs are not used during the fetal stage ...
A nuchal cord is when the umbilical cord becomes wrapped around the fetus's neck. [1] Symptoms present in the baby shortly after birth from a prior nuchal cord may include duskiness of face, facial petechia, and bleeding in the whites of the eye. [1] Complications can include meconium, respiratory distress, anemia, and stillbirth. [1]
In velamentous cord insertion, the vessels of the umbilical cord are improperly inserted in the chorioamniotic membrane, and hence the vessels traverse between the amnion and the chorion towards the placenta. [1] [11] Without Wharton's jelly protecting the vessels, the exposed vessels are susceptible to compression and rupture. [1] [9]
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