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Chikungunya is an infection caused by the Alphavirus chikungunya (CHIKV). [7] [8] [5] The disease was first identified in 1952 in Tanzania and named based on the Kimakonde words for "to become contorted". [5] Symptoms include fever and joint pain. [4] These typically occur two to twelve days after exposure. [5]
Outbreaks of chikungunya, on average, have low mortality rates. [2] As it is generally a nonfatal disease, prevalence rates during most outbreaks are higher than incidence rates. [6] Recently, it was discovered that approximately 39% of the worldwide population resides in environments where the chikungunya virus is endemic. [7]
For newborns, chikungunya can be a potentially deadly threat. Ixchiq contains a live, weakened version of the virus, so it may cause symptoms that are similar to an infection.
The word "chikungunya" is from the Makonde language and means "that which bends up", referring to the effect of debilitating joint pain on the patient. [41] Symptoms, generally appearing 5–7 days after exposure, can be confused with dengue and include fever, rash, headache, joint pain, and swelling. [ 42 ]
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There are no treatment modalities for acute and chronic chikungunya that currently exist. Most treatment plans use supportive and symptomatic care like analgesics for pain and anti-inflammatories for inflammation caused by arthritis. In acute stages of this virus, rest, antipyretics and analgesics are used to subside symptoms.
Arthropods are common vectors of disease.A vector is an organism which spreads disease-causing parasites or pathogens from one host to another. Invertebrates spread bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens by two main mechanisms.
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.