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Advanced cardiac life support, advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical guidelines established by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the urgent and emergent treatment of life-threatening cardiovascular conditions that will cause or have caused cardiac arrest, using advanced medical procedures, medications, and techniques.
There is an epinephrine metered-dose inhaler sold over the counter in the United States to relieve bronchial asthma. [67] [68] It was introduced in 1963 by Armstrong Pharmaceuticals. [69] A common concentration for epinephrine is 2.25% w/v epinephrine in solution, which contains 22.5 mg/mL, while a 1% solution is typically used for aerosolization.
Medications recommended in the ACLS protocol include epinephrine, amiodarone, and lidocaine. [9] The timing and administration of these medications depends on the underlying arrhythmia of the arrest. Epinephrine acts on the alpha-1 receptor, which in turn increases the blood flow that supplies the heart. [106]
epinephrine: 0.01 mg/kg every 3–5 minutes with max single dose of 1 mg [2] amiodarone: 5 mg/kg initially, can repeat 2 more times (total of 3 doses), max of 300 mg per dose, max 15 mg/kg, given for refractory VF and pVT [2] [5] lidocaine: 1 mg/kg initially with continuous infusion of 20-50 mcg/kg/min after, given for refractory VF and pVT [2] [5]
[11] [3] [12] For comparison, the experimental log P values of epinephrine and norepinephrine are -1.37 and -1.24, respectively. [33] [34] Isoprenaline is used pharmaceutically as the hydrochloride and sulfate salts. [1] It is also used to a much lesser extent as the free base. [1] Isoprenaline is a racemic mixture of levorotatory and ...
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires autoinjector expiration dates to ensure that the devices never contain less than 90% of the original dose of epinephrine, the study team notes.
The EMT-I/85 typically administered the same medications as an EMT-B (oxygen, oral glucose, activated charcoal, epinephrine auto-injectors (EpiPens), nitroglycerin, and metered-dose inhalers such as albuterol). However, in some states they were also allowed to administer naloxone, D50, and glucagon. Like all other EMT levels, their scope of ...
Although some medications are best dosed by actual body weight (e.g., succinylcholine), most resuscitation medications are distributed in lean body mass (e.g., epinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, etc.) so that IBW as accurately predicted by length, not the actual body weight, would appear preferable for dosing. For most ...