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The Winchester bushel is the volume of a cylinder 18.5 in (470 mm) in diameter and 8 in (200 mm) high, which gives an irrational number of approximately 2150.4202 cubic inches. [4] The modern American or US bushel is a variant of this, rounded to exactly 2150.42 cubic inches, less than one part per ten million less. [5]
The bushel was not fully standardized and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange still (May 2013) uses different bushels for different commodities—a bushel of corn being 56 lb, a bushel of oats 38 lb and a bushel of soybeans 60 lb and a bushel of red winter wheat (both hard and soft) also 60 lb. Other commodities at the exchange are reckoned in ...
Indeed, the bushel, the best-known unit of dry measure because it is the quoted unit in commodity markets, is in fact a unit of mass in those contexts. Conversely, the ton used in specifying tonnage and in freight calculations is often a volume measurement rather than a mass measurement.
For example, each "tick" for the grain market (soybeans, corn and wheat) is 0.25 cents per bushel, on one 5,000-bushel futures contract. Tick values for some popular contracts (as of June 2010 [ 1 ] )
Prices were hovering at between $1,770 and $2,175 per tonne [104] as the markets became more bullish and increased prices after China's car scrapping scheme had caused a general upturn in lead, zinc, cadmium and aluminium production. [104] [105] By the June 2010, prices stood at only $870 per tonne, and were back to about $2,200 in the July 2010.
In agricultural practice, a bushel is a fixed volume of 2,150.42 cubic inches (35.2391 liters). The mass of grain will therefore vary according to density. Some nominal weight examples are: [26] [27] 1 bushel (corn) = 56 lb (25.4012 kg) 1 bushel (wheat) = 60 lb (27.2155 kg) 1 bushel (barley) = 48 lb (21.7724 kg)
When dealing with the US oat markets though, special attention must be paid to the definition of bushel weight because the US uses a Winchester bushel (35.239 litres). [29] In livestock auction markets, cattle are sold in dollars per short hundredweight (cwt; 100 lbs; 45.36 kg), whereas hogs are sold in dollars per hundred kilograms. [citation ...
A measure of 24 gallons was known as the Cornish bushel. Bags are used as units by the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the United States Department of Agriculture for the following commodities: [3] coffee = 60 kg; flour = 100 pounds; grapefruit = 40 pounds; rice = 100 pounds