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Aerobic exercise, also known as cardio, is physical exercise [1] of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. [2] " Aerobic" is defined as "relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen", [ 3 ] and refers to the use of oxygen to meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism adequately. [ 4 ]
Aerobics is a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training routines with the goal of improving all elements of fitness (flexibility, muscular strength, and cardio-vascular fitness).
Certain aerobic exercises can engage large muscle groups, leading to improved muscle definition and increased metabolism even after the workout. Moreover, consistent aerobic exercise enhances ...
Bioenergetic systems are metabolic processes that relate to the flow of energy in living organisms. Those processes convert energy into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the form suitable for muscular activity. There are two main forms of synthesis of ATP: aerobic, which uses oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic, which does not.
Specifically, exercise physiology dictates that low intensity, long duration exercise provides a larger percentage of fat contribution in the calories burned because the body does not need to quickly and efficiently produce energy (i.e., adenosine triphosphate) to maintain the activity. On the other hand, high intensity activity utilizes a ...
The aerobic energy pathway is the third and slowest ATP producing pathway that is oxygen dependent. This energy pathway typically supplies the bulk of the body's energy during exercise—after three minutes from the onset of exercise until the end, or when the individual experiences fatigue.
The available oxygen and energy supply, and disturbances of muscle ion homeostasis are the main factors determining exercise performance, at least during brief very intense exercise. Each muscle contraction involves an action potential that activates voltage sensors, and so releases Ca 2+ ions from the muscle fibre 's sarcoplasmic reticulum .
Neuroplasticity is the process by which neurons adapt to a disturbance over time, and most often occurs in response to repeated exposure to stimuli. [27] Aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors [note 1] (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF) which mediate improvements in cognitive functions and various forms of memory by promoting blood vessel formation in the brain, adult ...