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Māori land under individual title became available to be sold to the colonial government or to settlers in private sales. Between 1840 and 1890, Māori sold 95 per cent of their land (63,000,000 of 66,000,000 acres (270,000 km 2) in 1890). In total 4 per cent of this was confiscated land, although about a quarter of this was returned. 300,000 ...
The Māori Land Court was established in 1865 as the Native Land Court of New Zealand under the Native Lands Act. [1] The court was established to facilitate the purchase of Māori land by the Crown by converting collectively owned Māori customary land into Māori freehold land. [ 2 ]
Edward Tregear's The Aryan Maori (1885) suggested that Aryans from India migrated to southeast Asia and thence to the islands of the Pacific, including New Zealand. [ 32 ] Two works published in 1915, Percy Smith 's book The Lore of the Whare-wānanga: Part II and Elsdon Best 's journal article "Maori and Maruiwi" in the Transactions of the New ...
In the 1920s, land commissions investigated the grievances of hapū whose land had been confiscated or otherwise fraudulently obtained in the previous century, and many were found to be valid. [11] By the 1940s, settlements in the form of modest annual payments had been arranged with some hapū.
The 1865 act further individualised Māori land title with no more than ten owners, meaning the many others in the hapū or whānau that had ownership and usage rights to the land essentially had those right extinguished. [4] The Native Land Court was also known as Te Kooti Tango Whenua, The Land Taking Court. [5]
Rising tensions over disputed land sales led to conflict in the 1860s, and subsequent land confiscations, which Māori resisted fiercely. After the Treaty was declared a legal nullity in 1877, Māori were forced to assimilate into many aspects of Western culture. Social upheaval and epidemics of introduced disease took a devastating toll on the ...
The New Zealand land confiscations took place during the 1860s to punish the Kīngitanga movement for attempting to set up an alternative Māori form of government that forbade the selling of land to European settlers. The confiscation law targeted Kīngitanga Māori against whom the government had waged war to restore the rule of British law.
The Māori tribes at first sold the land to the settlers, but the government voided the sales in 1840. Now only the government was allowed to purchase land from Māori, who received cash. The government bought practically all the useful land, then resold it to the New Zealand Company, which promoted immigration, or leased it for sheep runs. The ...