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  2. Orders of magnitude (illuminance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude...

    Starlight overcast moonless night sky [1] 140 microlux: Venus at brightest [1] 200 microlux: Starlight clear moonless night sky excluding airglow [1] 10 −3: 1 millilux: 2 millilux: Starlight clear moonless night sky including airglow [1] 10 −2: 1 centilux: 1 centilux: Quarter Moon 10 −1: 1 decilux: 2.5 decilux: Full Moon on a clear night ...

  3. Rho Cassiopeiae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_Cassiopeiae

    Rho Cassiopeiae (/ ˌ r oʊ k æ s i ə ˈ p iː aɪ,-s i oʊ-,-iː /; ρ Cas, ρ Cassiopeiae) is a yellow hypergiant star in the constellation Cassiopeia.It is about 8,150 light-years (2,500 pc) from Earth, yet can still be seen by the naked eye as it is over 300,000 times brighter than the Sun.

  4. Luminosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosity

    Luminosity is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic energy per unit time, and is synonymous with the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object. [1] [2] In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of electromagnetic energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical objects. [3] [4]

  5. Magnitude (astronomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)

    Apparent magnitude, the brightness of an object as it appears in the night sky. Absolute magnitude, which measures the luminosity of an object (or reflected light for non-luminous objects like asteroids); it is the object's apparent magnitude as seen from a specific distance, conventionally 10 parsecs (32.6 light years).

  6. Galaxy color–magnitude diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_color–magnitude...

    A preliminary description of the three areas of this diagram was made in 2003 by Eric F. Bell et al. from the COMBO-17 survey [1] that clarified the bimodal distribution of red and blue galaxies as seen in the analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey data [2] and even in de Vaucouleurs's 1961 analyses of galaxy morphology. [3]

  7. Sky brightness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_brightness

    Several emission lines are dominant: a green line from oxygen at 557.7 nm, a yellow doublet from sodium at 589.0 and 589.6 nm, and red lines from oxygen at 630.0 and 636.4 nm. The sodium emissions come from a thin sodium layer approximately 10 km thick at an altitude of 90–100 km, above the mesopause and in the D-layer of the ionosphere. The ...

  8. Surface brightness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_brightness

    A truly dark sky has a surface brightness of 2 × 10 −4 cd m −2 or 21.8 mag arcsec −2. [9] [clarification needed] The peak surface brightness of the central region of the Orion Nebula is about 17 Mag/arcsec 2 (about 14 milli nits) and the outer bluish glow has a peak surface brightness of 21.3 Mag/arcsec 2 (about 0.27 millinits). [10]

  9. Gamma Cassiopeiae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_Cassiopeiae

    It was observed in 1866 by Angelo Secchi, the first star ever observed with emission lines. [12] [13] It is now considered a Be star. Gamma Cassiopeiae is also a variable star and a multiple star system. Based upon parallax measurements made by the Hipparcos satellite, it is located at a distance of roughly 550 light-years from Earth.