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  2. Freezing level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing_level

    The 0 °C isotherm under normal conditions. The freezing level, or 0 °C (zero-degree) isotherm, represents the altitude in which the temperature is at 0 °C (the freezing point of water) in a free atmosphere (i.e. allowing reflection of the sun by snow, icing conditions, etc.).

  3. Snow line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_line

    The glacier region below this snow line was subject to melting in the previous season. The term "orographic snow line" is used to describe the snow boundary on surfaces other than glaciers. The term "regional snow line" is used to describe large areas. [2] The "permanent snow line" is the level above which snow will lie all year. [3]

  4. Probability of precipitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_of_precipitation

    Environment Canada reports a chance of precipitation (COP) that is defined as "The chance that measurable precipitation (0.2 mm of rain or 0.2 cm of snow) will fall on any random point of the forecast region during the forecast period." [7] The values are rounded to 10% increments, but are never rounded to 50%. [8]

  5. Frost line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_line

    The frost line—also known as frost depth or freezing depth—is most commonly the depth to which the groundwater in soil is expected to freeze. The frost depth depends on the climatic conditions of an area, the heat transfer properties of the soil and adjacent materials, and on nearby heat sources.

  6. Classifications of snow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifications_of_snow

    Snow accumulation on ground and in tree branches in Germany Snow blowing across a highway in Canada Spring snow on a mountain in France. Classifications of snow describe and categorize the attributes of snow-generating weather events, including the individual crystals both in the air and on the ground, and the deposited snow pack as it changes over time.

  7. Frost line (astrophysics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_line_(astrophysics)

    In astronomy or planetary science, the frost line, also known as the snow line or ice line, is the minimum distance from the central protostar of a solar nebula where the temperature is low enough for volatile compounds such as water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to condense into solid grains, which will allow their accretion into planetesimals.

  8. Permafrost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost

    Permafrost temperature profile. Permafrost occupies the middle zone, with the active layer above it, while geothermal activity keeps the lowest layer above freezing. The vertical 0 °C or 32 °F line denotes the average annual temperature that is crucial for the upper and lower limit of the permafrost zone, while the red lines represent seasonal temperature changes and seasonal temperature ...

  9. Water balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_balance

    ΔS is the change in storage (in soil or the bedrock / groundwater) This equation uses the principles of conservation of mass in a closed system, whereby any water entering a system (via precipitation), must be transferred into either evaporation, transpiration, surface runoff (eventually reaching the channel and leaving in the form of river ...