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In mathematics, especially in linear algebra and matrix theory, the duplication matrix and the elimination matrix are linear transformations used for transforming half-vectorizations of matrices into vectorizations or (respectively) vice versa.
If Gaussian elimination applied to a square matrix A produces a row echelon matrix B, let d be the product of the scalars by which the determinant has been multiplied, using the above rules. Then the determinant of A is the quotient by d of the product of the elements of the diagonal of B : det ( A ) = ∏ diag ( B ) d . {\displaystyle \det ...
For a symmetric matrix A, the vector vec(A) contains more information than is strictly necessary, since the matrix is completely determined by the symmetry together with the lower triangular portion, that is, the n(n + 1)/2 entries on and below the main diagonal. For such matrices, the half-vectorization is sometimes more useful than the ...
The reduced row echelon form of a matrix is unique and does not depend on the sequence of elementary row operations used to obtain it. The variant of Gaussian elimination that transforms a matrix to reduced row echelon form is sometimes called Gauss–Jordan elimination. A matrix is in column echelon form if its transpose is in
Duplication, or doubling, multiplication by 2; Duplication matrix, a linear transformation dealing with half-vectorization; Doubling the cube, a problem in geometry also known as duplication of the cube; A type of multiplication theorem called the Legendre duplication formula or simply "duplication formula"
Let A be a square n × n matrix with n linearly independent eigenvectors q i (where i = 1, ..., n).Then A can be factored as = where Q is the square n × n matrix whose i th column is the eigenvector q i of A, and Λ is the diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are the corresponding eigenvalues, Λ ii = λ i.
When combined with the I 2 identity matrix, they form an orthogonal basis for the 2 × 2 complex Hermitian matrices. Redheffer matrix: Encodes a Dirichlet convolution. Matrix entries are given by the divisor function; entires of the inverse are given by the Möbius function. a ij are 1 if i divides j or if j = 1; otherwise, a ij = 0. A (0, 1 ...
Input: initial guess x (0) to the solution, (diagonal dominant) matrix A, right-hand side vector b, convergence criterion Output: solution when convergence is reached Comments: pseudocode based on the element-based formula above k = 0 while convergence not reached do for i := 1 step until n do σ = 0 for j := 1 step until n do if j ≠ i then ...