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Diagnosis is generally based on a blood phosphate level exceeding 1.46 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL). [1] Levels may appear falsely elevated with high blood lipid levels, high blood protein levels, or high blood bilirubin levels. [1] Treatment may include a phosphate low diet and antacids like calcium carbonate that bind phosphate. [1]
Tissues that contain high levels of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, and bones. Normal levels of ALP range from (44 to 147) U/L (units per liter) and significantly elevated levels may be an indication of conditions such as various types of cancer, bone diseases such as Paget disease, liver diseases such as hepatitis, blood disorders, or other ...
High turnover of tumor cells leads to spill of potassium into the blood. Symptoms usually do not manifest until levels are high (> 6.5 mmol/L) [normal 3.5–5.0 mmol/L] and they include [8] palpitations, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and arrhythmias (can be fatal) muscle weakness or paralysis; Hyperphosphatemia.
The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP, alkaline phenyl phosphatase) is a phosphatase with the physiological role of dephosphorylating compounds. The enzyme is found across a multitude of organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike, with the same general function, but in different structural forms suitable to the environment they function in. Alkaline phosphatase is found in the periplasmic ...
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an inherited condition that can cause hypercalcemia, a serum calcium level typically above 10.2 mg/dL; although uncommon. [1] It is also known as familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FBHH) where there is usually a family history of hypercalcemia which is mild, a urine calcium to creatinine ratio <0.01, and urine calcium <200 mg/day ...
Renal management of phosphate is impaired in secondary hyperparathyroidism which results in hyperphosphatemia. [4] [6] Primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland, results from both hypocalcaemia and increased phosphate levels by decreasing expression of calcium sensing receptors and vitamin D receptors at the parathyroid gland.
Severe hypercalcaemia (above 15–16 mg/dL or 3.75–4 mmol/L) is considered a medical emergency: at these levels, coma and cardiac arrest can result. The high levels of calcium ions decrease the neuron membrane permeability to sodium ions, thus decreasing excitability, which leads to hypotonicity of smooth and striated muscle. This explains ...
8074 64654 Ensembl ENSG00000118972 ENSMUSG00000000182 UniProt Q9GZV9 Q9EPC2 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_020638 NM_022657 RefSeq (protein) NP_065689 NP_073148 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 4.37 – 4.38 Mb Chr 6: 127.05 – 127.06 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a protein and member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family which participates ...