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In geomorphology, a flute is a narrow, shallow channel that runs nearly vertically down the face of a rock surface. It is formed by the weathering and erosion of the rock surface. Correspondingly, fluting is the erosional process by which flutes develop on the surface of well-jointed coarse-grained rock, such as granite or gneiss.
The bass flute is an octave lower than the concert flute, and the contrabass flute is an octave lower than the bass flute. Less commonly seen flutes include the treble flute in G, pitched one octave higher than the alto flute; soprano flute, between the treble and concert; and tenor flute or flûte d'amour in B ♭ , A or A ♭ [ citation ...
Boehm's work was inspired by an 1831 concert in London, given by soloist Charles Nicholson, who, with his father in the 1820s, had introduced a flute constructed with larger tone holes than were used in previous designs. This large-holed instrument could produce greater volume of sound than other flutes, and Boehm set out to produce his own ...
Others attribute the decline of the recorder in part to the flute innovators of the time, such as Grenser, and Tromlitz, who extended the transverse flute's range and evened out its tonal consistency through the addition of keys, or to the supposedly greater dynamic range and volume of the flute. [89]
The vertical flute is contrasted with the "cross flute" (or "transverse flute") and "globular flute", and in stricter usage may refer only to the first category above (Marcuse 1975, 187). The most familiar ducted vertical flutes are the recorder, tin whistle, and tabor pipe. One historical variety has a slightly tapered (decreasing diameter ...
A typical and distinctive sound of the organ is the cornet, composed of a flute and ranks making up its first four overtones, sounding 8′, 4′, 2 + 2 ⁄ 3 ′ (labeled 3′ on some German and Swedish organs), 2′, and 1 + 3 ⁄ 5 ′ (or 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 ′ on some German organs).
[5] [6] [7] When this occurs in columns, it is on roughly the lower third of the grooves. [ 6 ] [ 8 ] This decorative element is not used in Doric order columns. [ 9 ] Cabled fluting may have been used to prevent wear and damage to the sharp edges of the flutes along the bottom part of the column.
A (keyless) wooden flute. The Irish flute is a simple system, transverse flute which plays a diatonic (Major) scale as the tone holes are successively covered and uncovered. . Most flutes from the Classical era, and some of modern manufacture, include various metal keys or additional tone holes (such as a seventh, "pinky-hole", to access one lower note, typically the seventh degree of the ...