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Pattern I, for intermediate, indicates that most LDL particles are very close in size to the normal gaps in the endothelium (26 nm). According to one study, sizes 19.0–20.5 nm were designated as pattern B and LDL sizes 20.6–22 nm were designated as pattern A. [ 16 ] Other studies have shown no such correlation at all.
[2] [5] Remnant cholesterol is primarily chylomicron and VLDL, and each remnant particle contains about 40 times more cholesterol than LDL. [6] Remnant cholesterol corresponds to all cholesterol not found in high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). It is calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL-C and LDL-C. [7]
Cholesterol is tested to determine for "normal" or "desirable" levels if a person has a total cholesterol of 5.2 mmol/L or less (200 mg/dL), an HDL value of more than 1 mmol/L (40 mg/dL, "the higher, the better"), an LDL value of less than 2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL), and a triglycerides level of less than 1.7 mmol/L (150 mg/dL).
LDL cholesterol is produced naturally by the body, but eating a diet high in saturated fat, trans fats, and cholesterol can increase LDL levels. [43] Elevated LDL levels are associated with diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and atherosclerosis. In a fasting lipid panel, a LDL greater than 160 mg/dL is abnormal. [37] [39]
Guidelines by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association recommend statin treatment for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults with LDL cholesterol ≥ 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) or those with diabetes, age 40–75 with LDL-C 70–190 mg/dL (1.8–4.9 mmol/dL); or in those with a 10-year risk of developing ...
In this group, 26 percent of men and 38 percent of women had excess body fat. Despite having a healthy BMI, they had: Higher triglycerides (a type of fat found in your blood)
Levels of LDL or non-HDL cholesterol both predict future coronary heart disease; which is the better predictor is disputed. [39] High levels of small dense LDL may be particularly adverse, although measurement of small dense LDL is not advocated for risk prediction. [39] In the past, LDL and VLDL levels were rarely measured directly due to cost.
4018 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000198670 n/a UniProt P08519 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005577 n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 160.53 – 160.66 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Lipoprotein(a) is a low-density lipoprotein variant containing a protein called apolipoprotein(a). Genetic and epidemiological studies have identified lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for ...