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Eburnation is a degenerative process of bone commonly found in patients with osteoarthritis or non-union of fractures.Friction in the joint causes the reactive conversion of the sub-chondral bone to an ivory-like surface at the site of the cartilage erosion. [1]
[3] [5] In reaction to the loss of cartilage, the bones thicken at the joint surface, resulting in subchondral sclerosis. Also, bony outgrowths, called osteophytes (also known as “bone spurs”), are formed at the joint margins. [6]
Osteosclerosis is a disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary portion and/or cortex of bone.
The subchondral bone volume increases and becomes less mineralized (hypo mineralization). [47] All these changes can cause problems functioning. The pain in an osteoarthritic joint has been related to thickened synovium [48] and to subchondral bone lesions. [49]
In the temporomandibular joint, subchondral sclerosis of the mandibular condyle has been described as an early change, condylar flattening as a feature of progressive osteoarthritis, and narrowing of the temporomandibular joint space as a late stage change. [14] A joint space of between 1.5 and 4 mm is regarded as normal. [15] Ankle osteoarthritis.
Grade II – moderate changes with narrowing of joint space, bony proliferation on the metatarsophalangeal head and phalanx and subchondral sclerosis or cyst. Grade III – severe changes with significant joint space narrowing, extensive bony proliferation and loose bodies or a dorsal ossicle.
Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis, or Mönckeberg's sclerosis, is a non-inflammatory form of arteriosclerosis (artery hardening), which differs from atherosclerosis traditionally. Calcium deposits are found in the muscular middle layer of the walls of arteries (the tunica media ) [ 1 ] with no obstruction of the lumen .
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a disease that attacks the kidney's filtering system causing serious scarring and thus a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, [1] as well as an important cause of kidney failure in adults. Hippocampal sclerosis, a brain damage often seen in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy.
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