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t. e. Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. [6] [7] [10] Symptoms include dental corrosion, dysphagia, heartburn, odynophagia ...
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 ), is the 2013 update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). In 2022, a revised version (DSM-5-TR) was published. [1]
Somatic symptom disorder, also known as somatoform disorder, or somatization disorder, is defined by one or more chronic physical symptoms that coincide with excessive and maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors connected to those symptoms. The symptoms are not deliberately produced or feigned, and they may or may not coexist with a known ...
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM; latest edition: DSM-5-TR, published in March 2022 [1]) is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria. It is the main book for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders ...
Factitious disorder imposed on another, previously Munchausen syndrome by proxy, is the involuntary use of another individual to play the patient role. This disorder is relatively rare. False symptoms have been produced in children by perpetrator caregivers or parents. Less frequently they are produced in one adult by another adult.
Functional disorders are a group of recognisable medical conditions which are due to changes to the functioning of the systems of the body rather than due to a disease affecting the structure of the body. [1] Functional disorders are common and complex phenomena that pose challenges to medical systems. Traditionally in western medicine, the ...
Dysthymia ( / dɪsˈθaɪmiə / dihs-THIY-mee-uh ), also known as persistent depressive disorder ( PDD ), [3] is a mental and behavioral disorder, [5] specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of similar cognitive and physical problems as major depressive disorder, but with longer-lasting symptoms. [3] [6] [7] The concept was used ...
Treatment. Counseling, antidepressant medication, electroconvulsive therapy. Melancholic depression, or depression with melancholic features, is a DSM-IV and DSM-5 specifier of depressive disorders. The specifier is used to distinguish clinically relevant subsets of causes and symptoms [1] that have the potential to influence treatment.