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In the cervical spine, the transverse processes are unique due to the presence of the foramen transversarium or transverse foramen. Within these foramen, or holes, of C1-C6, run one of the two major arterial supplies to the brain, the vertebral arteries, the other being the internal carotid arteries. Accompanying the arteries are the vertebral ...
After the vertebral artery is given off from the subclavian artery, it passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae C1 to C6. It then enters the skull via the foramen magnum. Learn more about the anatomy of the vertebrae in this tutorial.
The transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae provide a passageway by which the vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves can pass. The only exception to this is C7 – where the vertebral artery passes around the vertebra, instead of through the transverse foramen.
The cervical vertebrae also have several anatomic variations. For example, all transverse processes have transverse foramina that, when connected, protect the vertebral arteries traveling at both sides of the neck. However, the C7 transverse foramina may be small or absent in some individuals.
The foramen transversarium is a small, circular opening located in the cervical vertebrae of the human spine. It is named "transversarium" because it is located transversely (across) the vertebrae, and it serves as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels to travel through the spine.
The transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae provide a passageway by which the vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves can pass. The only exception to this is C7 – where the vertebral artery passes around the vertebra, instead of through the transverse foramen. [3]
The third unique characteristic is the presence of transverse foramina, which transmits vertebral arteries on either side of the cervical spine. Besides this, anatomical and functional similarity provides an opportunity to describe the cervical vertebrae into the upper and lower cervical spine.
The axis, also known as the epistropheus, is the second cervical vertebra (C2) that has some similarities to a typical cervical vertebra but is categorized as an atypical vertebra because of its unique features. Its most characteristic feature is the prominent superior projection known as the dens axis, or odontoid process.
Typical cervical vertebrae have several features distinct from those typical of thoracic or lumbar vertebrae. The most notable distinction is the presence of one foramen in each transverse process. These transverse foramina encircle the vertebral arteries and veins.
The purpose of this study is to examine variations of the foramen transversarium and the vertebral artery in computed tomography angiographies (CTa) of the cervical spine, investigate their coexistence, and present possible considerations regarding such variations in spine surgical procedures.