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In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry , alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups.
The red and white balls represent the hydroxyl group (−OH). The three "R"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms. [1] In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom.
When the OH group is bound to a metal ion in a coordination complex, an M−OH bending mode can be observed. For example, in [Sn(OH) 6] 2− it occurs at 1065 cm −1. The bending mode for a bridging hydroxide tends to be at a lower frequency as in [Cu(OH) 2 Cu] 2+ (955 cm −1). [8] M−OH stretching vibrations occur below about 600 cm −1 ...
Structure of the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. The suffix –ol is used in organic chemistry principally to form names of organic compounds containing the hydroxyl (–OH) group, mainly alcohols. The suffix was extracted from the word alcohol. The suffix also appears in some trivial names with reference to oils (from Latin oleum, oil).
The hydroxyl radical can damage virtually all types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, nucleic acids , lipids (lipid peroxidation) and amino acids (e.g. conversion of Phe to m-Tyrosine and o-Tyrosine). The hydroxyl radical has a very short in vivo half-life of approximately 10 −9 seconds and a high reactivity. [5]
In chemistry, hydroxylation refers to the installation of a hydroxyl group (−OH) into an organic compound. Hydroxylations generate alcohols and phenols, which are very common functional groups. Hydroxylation confers some degree of water-solubility. Hydroxylation of a hydrocarbon is an oxidation, thus a step in degradation.
For example, sugar dissolves in water because both share the hydroxyl functional group (−OH) and hydroxyls interact strongly with each other. Plus, when functional groups are more electronegative than atoms they attach to, the functional groups will become polar, and the otherwise nonpolar molecules containing these functional groups become ...
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of one or more hydroxyl groups (−O H) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. [1] The simplest is phenol, C 6 H 5 OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the ...