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Hot air ovens are electrical devices which use dry heat to sterilize. They were originally developed by Louis Pasteur , [ 1 ] and are essentially the same as fan ovens used for cooking food. Generally, they use a thermostat to control the temperature.
Roasting is a cooking method that uses dry heat where hot air covers the food, cooking it evenly on all sides with temperatures of at least 150 °C (300 °F) from an open flame, oven, or other heat source. Roasting can enhance the flavor through caramelization and Maillard browning on the surface of the food.
The proper time and temperature for dry heat sterilization is 160 °C (320 °F) for 2 hours or 170 °C (340 °F) for 1 hour, and in the case of High Velocity Hot Air sterilisers, 190°C (375°F) for 6 to 12 minutes. [3] Items should be dry before sterilization since water will interfere with the process.
Dry heat cooking imparts a distinctive richness to foods through the processes of caramelization and surface browning. As heat travels through, it transforms batters and doughs into baked goods and more with a firm dry crust and a softer center. [2]
Dry roasting is a process by which heat is applied to dry foodstuffs without the use of oil or water as a carrier. Unlike other dry heat methods, dry roasting is used with foods such as nuts and seeds, in addition to some eaten insects such as house crickets. Dry-roasted foods are stirred as they are roasted to ensure even heating.
Roasting, medieval illuminated manuscript (Tacuina sanitatis casanatensis 14th century) Cooking with charcoal on a barbecue grill. Grilling – a form of cooking that involves dry heat applied to the surface of food, commonly from above or below. May involve a grill, a grill pan, or griddle.
A rapid method heats air to 463.15 K (190.00 °C; 374.00 °F) for 6 minutes for unwrapped objects and 12 minutes for wrapped objects. [20] [21] Dry heat has the advantage that it can be used on powders and other heat-stable items that are adversely affected by steam (e.g., it does not cause rusting of steel objects).
A removable pot, with handle and lid, fits inside the vacuum flask. The pot and contents are heated to cooking temperature, and then sealed in the flask. The flask simply reduces heat loss to a minimum, so that the food remains at cooking temperature for a long time, and cooks without continued heating. Note that the food is not cooked in a vacuum.