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For example, a wavenumber in inverse centimeters can be converted to a frequency expressed in the unit gigahertz by multiplying by 29.979 2458 cm/ns (the speed of light, in centimeters per nanosecond); [5] conversely, an electromagnetic wave at 29.9792458 GHz has a wavelength of 1 cm in free space.
Wavelength pm picometer 1 × 10 −12 meters Wavelength nm nanometer 1 × 10 −9 meters Wavelength μm micrometer 1 × 10 −6 meters Wavelength mm millimeter 1 × 10 −3 meters Wavelength cm centimeter 1 × 10 −2 meters Wavelength dm decimeter 1 × 10 −1 meters Wavelength m meter 1 meter Wavelength km kilometer 1 × 10 3 meters ...
10 cm = 1.0 dm – wavelength of the highest UHF radio frequency, 3 GHz; 12 cm = 1.2 dm – wavelength of the 2.45 GHz ISM radio band; 21 cm = 2.1 dm – wavelength of the 1.4 GHz hydrogen emission line, a hyperfine transition of the hydrogen atom; 100 cm = 10 dm – wavelength of the lowest UHF radio frequency, 300 MHz
In the near-infrared range liquid water has absorption bands around 1950 nm (5128 cm −1), 1450 nm (6896 cm −1), 1200 nm (8333 cm −1) and 970 nm, (10300 cm −1). [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 15 ] The regions between these bands can be used in near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the spectra of aqueous solutions, with the advantage that glass is ...
Spatial frequency is a reciprocal length, which can thus be used as a measure of energy, usually of a particle. For example, the reciprocal centimetre, cm −1, is an energy unit equal to the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 1 cm. That energy amounts to approximately 1.24 × 10 −4 eV or 1.986 × 10 −23 J.
The nanometre is often used to express dimensions on an atomic scale: the diameter of a helium atom, for example, is about 0.06 nm, and that of a ribosome is about 20 nm. The nanometre is also commonly used to specify the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation near the visible part of the spectrum: visible light ranges from around 400 to 700 ...
(1.096 77 × 10 7 m −1 for hydrogen and 1.097 37 × 10 7 m −1 for heavy metals). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The wavelength will always be positive because n′ is defined as the lower level and so is less than n .
For example, the long-wave (red) limit changes proportionally to the position of the L-opsin. The positions are defined by the peak wavelength (wavelength of highest sensitivity), so as the L-opsin peak wavelength blue shifts by 10 nm, the long-wave limit of the visible spectrum also shifts 10 nm.