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Tungsten (also called wolfram) [14] [15] is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74. It is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively as compounds with other elements. It was identified as a distinct element in 1781 and first isolated as a metal in 1783.
Tungsten is mainly found in the minerals wolframite and scheelite, and it usually never occurs as a free element in nature. The largest producers of tungsten in the world are China, Russia, and Portugal. Seaborgium is a transuranium element that is made artificially by bombarding californium-249 with oxygen-18 nuclei. It is artificial ...
Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
The periodic table and law are now a central and indispensable part of modern chemistry. The periodic table continues to evolve with the progress of science. In nature, only elements up to atomic number 94 exist; [a] to go further, it was necessary to synthesize new elements in the laboratory.
The physical properties of the refractory elements vary significantly because they are members of different groups of the periodic table. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The hardness, high melting and boiling points, and high enthalpies of atomization of these metals arise from the partial occupation of the outer d subshell , allowing the d electrons to ...
Another catalytic use of tungsten is as a De-NO X catalyst which is used in the treatment of nitrogen oxide emissions to convert harmful nitrogen oxides into inert N 2 gas. [14] Another modern day use of tungsten is as a lubricant. Tungsten disulfide (WS 2) is a lubricant with a dynamic coefficient of friction of ~0.03. Tungsten disulfide can ...
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Group 9, by modern IUPAC numbering, [1] is a group (column) of chemical elements in the d-block of the periodic table. Members of Group 9 include cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir) and meitnerium (Mt). [2] These elements are among the rarest of the transition metals. [3]