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Language learning strategies is a term referring to the actions that are consciously deployed by language learners to help them learn or use a language more effectively. [1] [2] They have also been defined as "thoughts and actions, consciously chosen and operationalized by language learners, to assist them in carrying out a multiplicity of tasks from the very outset of learning to the most ...
Perspectives on Terrorism (PT) is a quarterly peer-reviewed, open-access online academic journal, covering political violence, terrorism and counter-terrorism, It is published jointly by the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism, in collaboration with Leiden University and the Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at the University of St Andrews.
Oxford Research Group (ORG) was a London-based charity and think tank in Cambridge Heath, London, UK [1] working on peace, security and justice issues. Its research and dialogue activities were mainly focused on the Middle East , North and West Africa , as well as influencing UK and international security policy.
The European Commission defined and coined the term "radicalization" in the year 2005 as follows: "Violent radicalisation" is the phenomenon of people embracing opinions, views and ideas which could lead to acts of terrorism as defined in Article 1 of the Framework Decision on Combating Terrorism.
In his book Inside Terrorism Bruce Hoffman offered an explanation of why the term terrorism becomes distorted: On one point, at least, everyone agrees: terrorism is a pejorative term. It is a word with intrinsically negative connotations that is generally applied to one's enemies and opponents, or to those with whom one disagrees and would ...
Divided We Stand: The Psychology and Strategy of Ireland's Dissident Terrorists. New York: Oxford University Press. Horgan, J. and Braddock, K. (2011)Terrorism: A Reader. London and New York: Routledge. Horgan, J. (2009). Walking Away from Terrorism: Accounts of Disengagement from Radical and Extremist Movements. London and New York: Routledge.
Let's Go is a series of American-English based EFL (English as a foreign language) textbooks developed by Oxford University Press and first released in 1990. While having its origins in ESL teaching in the US, and then as an early EFL resource in Japan, [1] the series is currently in general use for English-language learners in over 160 countries around the world. [2]
Critical terrorism studies (CTS) applies a critical theory approach rooted in counter-hegemonic and politically progressive critical theory to the study of terrorism. [1] With links to the Frankfurt School of critical theory and the Aberystwyth School of critical security studies, CTS seeks to understand terrorism as a social construction, or a label, that is applied to certain violent acts ...