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  2. Chloroplast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast

    One of the main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis, the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy, to subsequently produce food in the form of sugars. Water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen (O 2 ) are made, using light energy .

  3. Spiral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral

    Two well-known spiral space curves are conical spirals and spherical spirals, defined below. Another instance of space spirals is the toroidal spiral. [8] A spiral wound around a helix, [9] also known as double-twisted helix, [10] represents objects such as coiled coil filaments.

  4. List of spirals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spirals

    For <, spiral-ring pattern; =, regular spiral; >, loose spiral. R is the distance of spiral starting point (0, R) to the center. R is the distance of spiral starting point (0, R) to the center. The calculated x and y have to be rotated backward by ( − θ {\displaystyle -\theta } ) for plotting.

  5. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Able to conform to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. Gas: A compressible fluid. Not only will a gas take the shape of its container but it will also expand to fill the container. Mesomorphic states: States of matter intermediate between solid and liquid.

  6. Logarithmic spiral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_spiral

    The approach of an insect to a light source. They are used to having the light source at a constant angle to their flight path. Usually the Sun (or Moon for nocturnal species) is the only light source and flying that way will result in a practically straight line. [8] In the same token, a rhumb line approximates a logarithmic spiral close to a ...

  7. Patterns in nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterns_in_nature

    Natural patterns are sometimes formed by animals, as in the Mima mounds of the Northwestern United States and some other areas, which appear to be created over many years by the burrowing activities of pocket gophers, [90] while the so-called fairy circles of Namibia appear to be created by the interaction of competing groups of sand termites ...

  8. Mysterious double 'whirlpools' are popping up in the ocean

    www.aol.com/news/2017-12-27-mysterious-double...

    Rotating masses of water called eddies are common in the ocean. The newly revealed pairs, however, churn through the water up to ten times faster than their single counterparts, and are connected ...

  9. Cosmology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology

    The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) was completed in September 2012 and shows the farthest galaxies ever photographed at that time. Except for the few stars in the foreground (which are bright and easily recognizable because only they have diffraction spikes), every speck of light in the photo is an individual galaxy, some of them as old as 13.2 billion years; the observable universe is ...