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  2. List of particles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_particles

    Fermions have half-integer spin; for all known elementary fermions this is ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. All known fermions except neutrinos, are also Dirac fermions; that is, each known fermion has its own distinct antiparticle. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Dirac fermion or a Majorana fermion. [4] Fermions are the basic building blocks of all ...

  3. Timeline of particle discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_particle...

    Elementary particles from the Standard Model of particle physics that have so far been observed. The Standard Model is the most comprehensive existing model of particle behavior. All Standard Model particles including the Higgs boson have been verified, and all other observed particles are combinations of two or more Standard Model particles.

  4. Elementary particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle

    The number of protons in the observable universe is called the Eddington number. In terms of number of particles, some estimates imply that nearly all the matter, excluding dark matter, occurs in neutrinos, which constitute the majority of the roughly 10 86 elementary particles of matter that exist in the visible universe. [11]

  5. List of baryons - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_baryons

    The best known baryons are protons and neutrons, which make up most of the mass of the visible matter in the universe, whereas electrons, the other major component of atoms, are leptons. Each baryon has a corresponding antiparticle , known as an antibaryon, in which quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks.

  6. Upgraded particle accelerator could reveal new details about ...

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    The results are incorporated into the Standard Model, which describes all the known particles (there are currently 31, including the Higgs boson) and three of the four known fundamental forces ...

  7. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Fermionic condensate: Similar to the Bose-Einstein condensate but composed of fermions, also known as Fermi-Dirac condensate. The Pauli exclusion principle prevents fermions from entering the same quantum state, but a pair of fermions can be bound to each other and behave like a boson, and two or more such pairs can occupy quantum states of a ...

  8. Ghostly particles give scientists new understanding of universe

    www.aol.com/news/ghostly-particles-scientists...

    A breakthrough in the study of ghostly particles called high-energy neutrinos that traverse space, zipping unimpeded through people, planets and whole galaxies, is giving scientists an audacious ...

  9. Fragments of energy – not waves or particles – may be the ...

    www.aol.com/news/fragments-energy-not-waves...

    New mathematics have shown that lines of energy can be used to describe the universe. zf L/Moment via Getty ImagesMatter is what makes up the universe, but what makes up matter? This question has ...