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The Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [1] and the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987 [2] (both often known as Gramm–Rudman) were the first binding spending constraints on the federal budget.
Legislative changes in the budget process may take the form of freestanding bills or joint resolutions (e.g., the Line Item Veto Act), or may be incorporated into other budgetary legislation, such as acts raising the debt limit (e.g., the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, also referred to as the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings ...
Bowsher v. Synar, 478 U.S. 714 (1986), was a United States Supreme Court case that struck down the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Act as an unconstitutional usurpation of executive power by Congress because the law empowered Congress to terminate the United States Comptroller General for certain specified reasons, including "inefficiency, 'neglect of duty,' or 'malfeasance.'"
The act has been amended several times, including provisions in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. The original 1974 legislation, however, remains the basic blueprint for budget procedures today.
It is fitting that we are reviewing this terrain on the 50th anniversary of the Congressional Budget Reform and Impoundment Control Act of 1974. ... and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 ...
The CBO baseline has been used in every year since 1981 for developing budget resolutions and measuring compliance with reconciliation instructions. The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 provided the first legal definition of baseline. For the most part, the act defined the baseline in conformity with previous usage.
The term "budget sequestration" was first used to describe an enforcement procedure of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (BBEDCA) designed to keep Federal deficits below a maximum level limit. The hard caps were abandoned and replaced with a PAYGO system by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, which was in effect ...
1984 - Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–460; 1985 - Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, Pub. L. 99–177; 1986 - Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–509; 1987 - Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, Pub. L. 100–203