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Suetonius mentions Caesar's famous crossing of the Rubicon (the border between Italy and Cisalpine Gaul), on his way to Rome to start a Civil War against Pompey and ultimately seize power. Suetonius later describes Caesar's major reforms upon defeating Pompey and seizing power. One such reform was the modification of the Roman calendar. The ...
Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
His most important surviving work is De vita Caesarum, commonly known in English as The Twelve Caesars, a set of biographies of 12 successive Roman rulers from Julius Caesar to Domitian. Other works by Suetonius concerned the daily life of Rome , politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians.
Galerius (caesar, 1 March 293) Constantius I (caesar, 1 March 293) [7] Maximian "Herculius" Marcus Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (West) 1 April 286 – 1 May 305 (19 years and 1 month; retired)pac 28 October 306 – 11 November 308 (2 years and 14 days) Diocletian (augustus, 21 July 285; co-augustus, 1 May 305) Galerius (caesar, 21 March 293 ...
Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) between Julius Caesar and the Optimates initially led by Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) – Caesarian victory. 49 BC, June – Battle of Ilerda – Caesar's army surround Pompeian forces and cause them to surrender.
Caesarism — In political science, it refers to an authoritarian and populist ideology modeled after Caesar's autocratic rule as Rome's dictator from 49 to 44 BC. [ 112 ] [ 113 ] Caesaropapism — The term is composed of two parts: Caesar , derived from the cognomen of Caesar, and Papism .
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During his early career, Caesar had seen how chaotic and dysfunctional the Roman Republic had become. The republican machinery had broken down under the weight of imperialism, the central government had become powerless, the provinces had been transformed into independent principalities under the absolute control of their governors, and the army had replaced the constitution as the means of ...