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In statistics and research design, an index is a composite statistic – a measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points, or in other words, a compound measure that aggregates multiple indicators. [1] [2] Indices – also known as indexes and composite indicators – summarize and rank specific observations. [2]
Index numbers are used especially to compare business activity, the cost of living, and employment. They enable economists to reduce unwieldy business data into easily understood terms. In contrast to a cost-of-living index based on the true but unknown utility function, a superlative index number is an index number that can be calculated. [1]
Stock market indices may be categorized by their index weight methodology, or the rules on how stocks are allocated in the index, independent of its stock coverage. For example, the S&P 500 and the S&P 500 Equal Weight each cover the same group of stocks, but the S&P 500 is weighted by market capitalization, while the S&P 500 Equal Weight places equal weight on each constituent.
Over the last year, only about 40% of actively managed large-company funds did better than the S&P 500 index, according to S&P's SPIVA scorecard (for "S&P Indices Versus Active"). Over the last 10 ...
A price index (plural: "price indices" or "price indexes") is a normalized average (typically a weighted average) of price relatives for a given class of goods or services in a given region, during a given interval of time.
ETF vs index fund: Here’s how they’re similar. ETFs and index funds are quite similar, and they can serve a lot of the same roles for the investor. Let’s look at what they have in common.
Sustainability metrics and indices are measures of sustainability, using numbers to quantify environmental, social and economic aspects of the world. [1] There are multiple perspectives on how to measure sustainability as there is no universal standard. [ 2 ]
The Simpson index was introduced in 1949 by Edward H. Simpson to measure the degree of concentration when individuals are classified into types. [10] The same index was rediscovered by Orris C. Herfindahl in 1950. [11] The square root of the index had already been introduced in 1945 by the economist Albert O. Hirschman. [12]