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[4] [5] Use is not recommended during pregnancy. [2] Xylometazoline is in the decongestant and alpha-adrenergic agonist families of medication. [5] [6] One study classified it with selectivity ratios in alpha 2 adrenergic receptors of 151 for a2A vs a2B, 4.5 a2A vs a2C, and 33.9 a2B vs a2C. Making it a highly selective a2A agonist. [7]
Common side effects for oral decongestants include insomnia, hypertension (elevated blood pressure), and difficulty in urination. [12] Avoid use during pregnancy as it may cause vasoconstriction of uterine arteries thus reducing fetal blood supply. [14] Zyrtec-D, an example of combination therapy. Combination therapy with antihistamines
Use during pregnancy appears to be safe but has not been well studied. [7] It is not recommended in children less than two years old. [6] It is in the second-generation antihistamine family of medications. [5] Loratadine was patented in 1980 and came to market in 1988. [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9]
However, not all of them are safe to use during pregnancy. One of the components of bismuth subsalicylate is salicylate, which is a component that crosses the placenta. Due to this, there is an increased risk for intrauterine growth retardation, fetal hemorrhage, and maternal hemorrhage within organogenesis and in the second/third trimester. [ 12 ]
After an FDA advisory committee said the decongestant phenylephrine, an ingredient found in many oral cold and flu medications, is ineffective, experts weigh in on alternatives.
[2] [6] Cyclizine appears to be safe during pregnancy but has not been well studied. [7] It is in the anticholinergic and antihistamine family of medications. [3] [6] Cyclizine was discovered in 1947. [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9] In the United States it is available over the counter. [6]
In addition to topical steroid sprays and topical antihistamine sprays, which are safe and effective, phenylephrine is also still considered effective in nasal spray form — though Tracy warns it ...
Acetaminophen has long been considered safe to help reduce fever and relieve pain while pregnant. Here's what experts say about new claims. Is it safe to take Tylenol during pregnancy?