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Coding reliability [4] [2] approaches have the longest history and are often little different from qualitative content analysis. As the name suggests they prioritise the measurement of coding reliability through the use of structured and fixed code books, the use of multiple coders who work independently to apply the code book to the data, the measurement of inter-rater reliability or inter ...
Much of qualitative coding can be attributed to either grounded or a priori coding. [3] Grounded coding refers to allowing notable themes and patterns emerge from the document themselves, where as a priori coding requires the researcher to apply pre-existing theoretical frameworks to analyze the documents. As coding methods are applied across ...
Based in grounded theory, open coding is the analytic process through which concepts (codes) are attached to observed data and phenomena during qualitative data analysis.It is one of the techniques described by Strauss (1987) and Strauss and Corbin (1990) for working with text.
The data collection instrument used in content analysis is the codebook or coding scheme. In qualitative content analysis the codebook is constructed and improved during coding, while in quantitative content analysis the codebook needs to be developed and pretested for reliability and validity before coding. [4]
Axial coding is the breaking down of core themes during qualitative data analysis. Axial coding in grounded theory is the process of relating codes (categories and concepts) to each other, via a combination of inductive and deductive thinking. According to Strauss and Corbin (1990, 1998) who propose the use of a "coding paradigm", the basic ...
They write that in comparison to grounded theory, thematic analysis is freer because it is not linked to any preexisting framework for making sense of qualitative data. Braun and Clarke, however, concede that there is a degree of similarity between grounded theory and thematic analysis but prefer thematic analysis.
Common qualitative data analysis software includes: ATLAS.ti; Dedoose (mixed methods) MAXQDA (mixed methods) NVivo; QDA MINER; A criticism of quantitative coding approaches is that such coding sorts qualitative data into predefined categories that are reflective of the categories found in objective science. The variety, richness, and individual ...
The concept of saturation was first defined in the context of grounded theory as theoretical saturation. In qualitative research the word saturation is extensively used almost interchangeably with data saturation, thematic saturation, theoretical saturation and conceptual saturation. Saturation can be simply defined as data satisfaction.
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