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  2. Photodetector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodetector

    The photodetector contains three photodiodes, visible in the photo (in center). Photodetectors , also called photosensors , are sensors of light or other electromagnetic radiation . [ 1 ] There are a wide variety of photodetectors which may be classified by mechanism of detection, such as photoelectric or photochemical effects, or by various ...

  3. Photoelectric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect

    The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons. The phenomenon is studied in condensed matter physics, solid state, and quantum chemistry to draw inferences about the properties of atoms, molecules and ...

  4. Photoelectric sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_sensor

    A photoelectric sensor is a device used to determine the distance, absence, or presence of an object by using a light transmitter, often infrared, and a photoelectric receiver. They are largely used in industrial manufacturing. There are three different useful types: opposed (through-beam), retro-reflective, and proximity-sensing (diffused).

  5. Photomultiplier tube - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomultiplier_Tube

    Historically, the photoelectric effect is associated with Albert Einstein, who relied upon the phenomenon to establish the fundamental principle of quantum mechanics in 1905, [4] an accomplishment for which Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize. It is worthwhile to note that Heinrich Hertz, working 18 years earlier, had not recognized that the ...

  6. Photodiode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiode

    [20] [22] The new photodetector structure invented by Sony in 1975, developed by NEC in 1982 by Kodak in 1984 was given the name "pinned photodiode" (PPD) by B.C. Burkey at Kodak in 1984. In 1987, the PPD began to be incorporated into most CCD sensors, becoming a fixture in consumer electronic video cameras and then digital still cameras .

  7. Photoconductivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoconductivity

    Photoresistors are not the only type of photodetector—other types include charge-coupled devices (CCDs), photodiodes and phototransistors—but they are among the most common. Some photodetector applications in which photoresistors are often used include camera light meters, street lights, clock radios, infrared detectors , nanophotonic ...

  8. Photovoltaic effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect

    The photovoltaic effect is the generation of voltage and electric current in a material upon exposure to light. It is a physical phenomenon. [1] The photovoltaic effect is closely related to the photoelectric effect. For both phenomena, light is absorbed, causing excitation of an electron or other charge carrier to a higher-energy state.

  9. Position sensitive device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_sensitive_device

    The technical term PSD was first used in a 1957 publication by J.T. Wallmark for lateral photoelectric effect used for local measurements. On a laminar semiconductor, a so-called PIN diode is exposed to a tiny spot of light. This exposure causes a change in local resistance and thus electron flow in four electrodes.