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In another approach to studying photosynthesis, light-absorbing pigments such as chlorophyll can be extracted from chloroplasts. Like so many important biological systems in the cell, the photosynthetic system is ordered and compartmentalized in a system of membranes. [9] Isolated chloroplasts from spinach leaves, viewed under light microscope
Photosynthesis usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms store the chemical energy so produced within intracellular organic compounds (compounds containing carbon) like sugars, glycogen , cellulose and starches .
In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen (O 2) as a by-product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis, various electron donors are used. Cytochrome b 6 f and ATP synthase work together to produce ATP (photophosphorylation) in two distinct ways.
Oxygenic photosynthesis can be performed by plants and cyanobacteria; cyanobacteria are believed to be the progenitors of the photosystem-containing chloroplasts of eukaryotes. Photosynthetic bacteria that cannot produce oxygen have only one photosystem, which is similar to either PSI or PSII .
Their experiment proved the existence of a photosynthetic unit. Gaffron and Wohl later interpreted the experiment and realized that the light absorbed by the photosynthetic unit was transferred. [7] This reaction occurs at the reaction center of Photosystem II and takes place in cyanobacteria, algae and green plants. [8]
A germination rate experiment. Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. [1]Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed ...
Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the energy-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
Discovered in 1937 by Robin Hill, Hill reagents allowed the discovery of electron transport chains during photosynthesis. These are dyes that act as artificial electron acceptors, changing color when they are reduced. An example of a Hill reagent is 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol .