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Intrinsic ocular muscles [1] or intraocular muscles [2] are muscles of the inside of the eye structure. The intraocular muscles are responsible for the protraction and retraction of the eyelids and reaction to light and pupil accommodation . [ 2 ]
The ciliary muscle is an intrinsic muscle of the eye formed as a ring of smooth muscle [3] [4] in the eye's middle layer, the uvea (vascular layer).It controls accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humor into Schlemm's canal.
The extraocular muscles, or extrinsic ocular muscles, are the seven extrinsic muscles of the eye in humans and other animals. [1] Six of the extraocular muscles, the four recti muscles, and the superior and inferior oblique muscles, control movement of the eye. The other muscle, the levator palpebrae superioris, controls eyelid elevation.
The lens is suspended to the ciliary body by the suspensory ligament (zonule of Zinn), made up of hundreds of fine transparent fibers which transmit muscular forces to change the shape of the lens for accommodation (focusing). The vitreous body is a clear substance composed of water and proteins, which give it a jelly-like and sticky composition.
The iris sphincter muscle (pupillary sphincter, pupillary constrictor, circular muscle of iris, circular fibers) is a muscle in the part of the eye called the iris.It encircles the pupil of the iris, appropriate to its function as a constrictor of the pupil.
Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.
This ligament is responsible for maintaining and supporting the position of the eyeball in its normal upward and forward position within the orbit, and prevents downward displacement of the eyeball. [2] It can be considered a part of the bulbar sheath. [3] It is named for Charles Barrett Lockwood.
The zonule of Zinn (/ ˈ t s ɪ n /) (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) (after Johann Gottfried Zinn) is a ring of fibrous strands forming a zonule (little band) that connects the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. [1] The Zonular fibers a viscoelastic cables, although their component microfibrils are stiff structures.