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Test cycles specify the conditions under which the engine or vehicle is operated during the emission test. There are many different test cycles issued by various national and international governments and working groups. [1] Specified parameters in a test cycle include a range of operating temperature, speed, and load. Ideally these should ...
The spectroscopic line shape of the CARS intensity therefore resembles a Fano profile which is shifted with respect to the Raman signal. To compare the spectra from multi-component compounds, the (resonant) CARS spectral amplitude should be compared to the Raman spectral intensity. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectrum of microscopy oil.
Emission test results from individual vehicles are in many cases compiled to evaluate the emissions performance of various classes of vehicles, the efficacy of the testing program and of various other emission-related regulations (such as changes to fuel formulations) and to model the effects of auto emissions on public health and the environment.
The European on-board diagnostics (EOBD) regulations are the European equivalent of OBD-II, and apply to all passenger cars of category M1 (with no more than 8 passenger seats and a Gross Vehicle Weight rating of 2,500 kg, 5,500 lb or less) first registered within EU member states since January 1, 2001 for petrol-engined cars and since January ...
The testing was mandated by the Energy Tax Act of 1978 [1] in order to determine the rate of the guzzler tax that applies for the sales of new cars. The current procedure has been updated in 2008 and includes four tests: city driving (the FTP-75 proper), highway driving (HWFET), aggressive driving (SFTP US06), and optional air conditioning test ...
A new emissions rule for cars, trucks and vans sold in the United States from 2027 to 2032 will phase reductions in more slowly to allow charging infrastructure and low-carbon emissions vehicles ...
A CATI PEMS being strapped down inside a vehicle. A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) is a vehicle emissions testing device that is small and light enough to be carried inside or moved with a motor vehicle that is being driven during testing, rather than on the stationary rollers of a dynamometer that only simulates real-world driving.
An emission spectrum is formed when an excited gas is viewed directly through a spectroscope. Schematic diagram of spontaneous emission. Emission spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique which examines the wavelengths of photons emitted by atoms or molecules during their transition from an excited state to a lower energy state.
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