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In order to calculate the average and standard deviation from aggregate data, it is necessary to have available for each group: the total of values (Σx i = SUM(x)), the number of values (N=COUNT(x)) and the total of squares of the values (Σx i 2 =SUM(x 2)) of each groups.
In computer science, a generator is a routine that can be used to control the iteration behaviour of a loop. All generators are also iterators. [1] A generator is very similar to a function that returns an array, in that a generator has parameters, can be called, and generates a sequence of values.
Pandas also supports the syntax data.iloc[n], which always takes an integer n and returns the nth value, counting from 0. This allows a user to act as though the index is an array-like sequence of integers, regardless of how it is actually defined. [9]: 110–113 Pandas supports hierarchical indices with multiple values per data point.
The extra cost of eliminating "modulo bias" when generating random integers for a Fisher-Yates shuffle depends on the approach (classic modulo, floating-point multiplication or Lemire's integer multiplication), the size of the array to be shuffled, and the random number generator used. [20]: Benchmarking ...
The state transformation function of an MWC generator is one step of Montgomery reduction modulo p. The state is a large integer with most significant word c n−1 and least significant word x n−r. Each step, x n−r ·(ab r −1) is added to this integer.
NumPy (pronounced / ˈ n ʌ m p aɪ / NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. [3]
Since dimensional models only gain from aggregates on large data sets, it should be considered at what size of the data sets one should start using aggregates One can also ask oneself if a data warehouse always handles data sets that are too large for direct queries, or if it sometimes is a good idea to omit the aggregate tables when starting a ...
A hash function or checksum can be used to reduce the size of the strings in the sequences. That is, for source code where the average line is 60 or more characters long, the hash or checksum for that line might be only 8 to 40 characters long.