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The hypoglossal nerve may be connected (anastomosed) to the facial nerve to attempt to restore function when the facial nerve is damaged. Attempts at repair by either wholly or partially connecting nerve fibres from the hypoglossal nerve to the facial nerve may be used when there is focal facial nerve damage (for example, from trauma or cancer).
Hypoglossal: Mainly motor Medulla: Located in the hypoglossal canal. Provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue (except for the palatoglossal muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve) and other glossal muscles. Important for swallowing (bolus formation) and speech articulation.
Neurological injury due to damage in the central or peripheral nervous system may result in weakness, paralysis, or a lack of coordination of the motor–speech system, producing dysarthria. [1] These effects in turn hinder control over the tongue, throat, lips or lungs; for example, swallowing problems ( dysphagia ) are also often present in ...
The hypoglossal nerve (XII) supplies the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, controlling tongue movement. [16] The hypoglossal nerve (XII) is unique in that it is supplied by the motor cortices of both hemispheres of the brain. [17] Damage to the nerve may lead to fasciculations or wasting of the muscles of the tongue. This will lead to weakness ...
Source of damage Number on diagram a deviation of the tongue to the side of the infarct on attempted protrusion, caused by ipsilateral muscle weakness. hypoglossal nerve fibers #8 limb weakness (or hemiplegia, depending on severity), on the contralateral side of the infarct medullary pyramid and hence to the corticospinal fibers of the ...
Ansa cervicalis. The superior root of the ansa cervicalis (formerly known as descendens hypoglossi [1]: 500 ) is by fibres of the cervical spinal nerve 1 [1]: 344 [3] (and, according to some sources, of cervical spinal nerve 2 as well [3]) that have joined and run with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) for some distance before [1]: 344 progressively [1]: 369 branching off the CN XII in the ...
In contrast, pseudobulbar palsy is a clinical syndrome similar to bulbar palsy but in which the damage is located in upper motor neurons of the corticobulbar tracts in the mid-pons (i.e., in the cranial nerves IX-XII), that is the nerve cells coming down from the cerebral cortex innervating the motor nuclei in the medulla.
Nerve transfers using the hypoglossal or masseteric nerves and the "babysitter" procedure result in first contractions of the mimic muscles after approximately 4 to 6 months. [4] [5] However, after the use of the hypoglossal nerve control of facial movements is hard to obtain by the patient and a spontaneous smile may not occur at all. [5]