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  2. Turgor pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgor_pressure

    When in a hypotonic solution, water flows into the membrane and increases the cell's volume, while in an isotonic solution, water flows in and out of the cell at an equal rate. [4] Turgidity is the point at which the cell's membrane pushes against the cell wall, which is when turgor pressure is high. When the cell has low turgor pressure, it is ...

  3. Chromosomal crossover - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_crossover

    Crossing over occurs between prophase I and metaphase I and is the process where two homologous non-sister chromatids pair up with each other and exchange different segments of genetic material to form two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids. It can also happen during mitotic division, [1] which may result in loss of heterozygosity.

  4. Cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle

    The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the growth of the cell, duplication of its DNA ( DNA replication ) and some of its organelles , and subsequently the partitioning of its cytoplasm, chromosomes and other ...

  5. Chromosome segregation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_segregation

    Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes ...

  6. Chiasma (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiasma_(genetics)

    In genetics, a chiasma (pl.: chiasmata) is the point of contact, the physical link, between two (non-sister) chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes. At a given chiasma, an exchange of genetic material can occur between both chromatids, what is called a chromosomal crossover, but this is much more frequent during meiosis than mitosis. [1]

  7. Chromosomal translocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_translocation

    A gene fusion may be created when the translocation joins two otherwise-separated genes. It is detected on cytogenetics or a karyotype of affected cells . Translocations can be balanced (in an even exchange of material with no genetic information extra or missing, and ideally full functionality) or unbalanced (where the exchange of chromosome ...

  8. Cell division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division

    The thick lines are chromosomes, and the thin blue lines are fibers pulling on the chromosomes and pushing the ends of the cell apart. The cell cycle in eukaryotes: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis, G 0 = Gap 0, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis, G 3 = Gap 3. Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. [1]

  9. Meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis

    Meiosis produces haploid gametes (ova or sperm) that contain one set of 23 chromosomes. When two gametes (an egg and a sperm) fuse, the resulting zygote is once again diploid, with the mother and father each contributing 23 chromosomes. This same pattern, but not the same number of chromosomes, occurs in all organisms that utilize meiosis.