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Full-body hemihypertrophy. Hemihypertrophy, now more commonly referred to as hemihyperplasia in the medical literature, is a condition in which one side of the body or a part of one side of the body is larger than the other to an extent considered greater than the normal variation.
For instance, if one kidney is surgically removed, the cells of the other kidney divide at an increased rate. [1] Eventually, the remaining kidney can grow until its mass approaches the combined mass of two kidneys. [1] Along with the kidneys, compensatory growth has also been characterized in a number of other tissues and organs including:
The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity, caused by the position of the liver, typically results in the right kidney being slightly lower and smaller than the left, and being placed slightly more to the middle than the left kidney. [10] [11] [12] The left kidney is approximately at the vertebral level T12 to L3, [13] and the right is slightly ...
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The typical mammalian kidney consists of a renal capsule, a peripheral cortex, an internal medulla, one or more renal calyces, and a renal pelvis. [7] Although the calyces or renal pelvis may be absent in some species. [7] The medulla is made up of one or more renal pyramids, [8] forming papillae with their innermost parts. [9]
Horseshoe kidney : A condition in which the lower poles of both kidneys are fused. The fusion alters the normal position of the collecting system, which may cause the absence of the expected renal sinus appearance in axial images. Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia: One kidney crosses over to the opposite side and fuses with the other kidney.
The expensive tissue hypothesis (ETH) relates brain and gut size in evolution (specifically in human evolution).It suggests that in order for an organism to evolve a large brain without a significant increase in basal metabolic rate (as seen in humans), the organism must use less energy on other expensive tissues; the paper introducing the ETH suggests that in humans, this was achieved by ...
Signs of kidney failure. Some of Ozempic's GI side effects can cause fluid loss and dehydration that can worsen kidney problems. If you experience severe diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting, talk to ...